Ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea nanostructured ma nā mea nickel foam ʻekolu-dimensional e like me nā electrocatalysts no ka haki ʻana o ka wai.

ʻO ka pau ʻana o nā wahie mōʻalihaku a me nā hopohopo e pili ana i ka ikehu a me nā pilikia kaiapuni i alakaʻi i nā hana noiʻi nui e hoʻomohala i nā kumu ikehu ʻē aʻe.Electrochemical electrolysisʻO ka wai i manaʻo ʻia he hoʻolālā hoʻohiki no ka hana ʻana i ka wahie hydrogen. Eia nō naʻe, pono ka pohā wai kūpono i nā electrocatalysts maikaʻi a paʻa i hiki ke hoʻolalelale i nā kinetics o ka oxygen-extraction reaction (OER) a me ka hydrogen-extraction reaction (HER). ʻO nā mea hoʻoheheʻe metala maikaʻi loa, e like me Pt ​​a me kāna mau mea hoʻohui, RuO2 a me IrO2, i kēia manawa nā mea hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻopili ʻana iā OER a me HER. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe a me ka liʻiliʻi o nā metala hanohano i keakea i kā lākou noi nui a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana ikehu hou. No ka lanakila ʻana i kēia mau palena, ua hoʻoikaika nui ʻia e hoʻolālā a synthesize i nā electrocatalyst metala waiwai ʻole me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea waiwai nui o ka honua ma ke ʻano he mau koho waiwai no OER a me OERHER. Ua aʻo nui ʻia nā ʻokikene metala hoʻololi, sulfides, phosphides, nā mea kalapona, selenides, a me nā paʻakikī hui pū ʻia a ua hōʻike i ka hana hoʻohiki no OER a me HER. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui o kēia mau electrocatalysts e koi aku i nā overpotentials kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā catalysts hoʻokumu metala hanohano, a ʻo ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ko lākou kūpaʻa e mau ana. No laila, he mea koʻikoʻi e hoʻomohala i kahi hoʻolālā electrode ʻokoʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a kūpono hoʻi me ka hana kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa lōʻihi no ka hoʻokaʻawale wai kūpono.

Ma ke kahua o nā noi electrochemical, ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻelua mau kumu nui e hoʻomākaukau ai i nā electrodes. ʻO ka ʻenehana mua a hoʻohana nui ʻia e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā catalysts ma ke ʻano pauka. ʻO ka maʻamau, kūkulu ʻia nā electrodes e ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā slurries o nā mea electroactive, nā mea hoʻonui conductivity, a me nā mea hoʻopili i nā substrates conductive. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole me ka hemahema o kēia ala. ʻO ka hemahema nui, ʻo ia ke koi no ka mea hoʻopili uila uila, e hōʻemi ana i ka wahi pili ma waena o ka electrolyte a me ka catalyst. Hiki paha kēia i ke kāohi ʻana i nā pūnaewele catalytically active, ka hopena i ke kūʻē kiʻekiʻe a hoʻemi i ka hana electrocatalytic. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole paʻa nā electrodes, no ka mea, ʻo ka catalyst i hoʻopili ʻia e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia mai ka substrate conducting i nā kiʻekiʻe o kēia manawa. ʻO ka lua o ka hoʻolālā nui no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka electrode, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea metala hanohano i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma luna o ka substrate conductive, e like me ka nickel foam, copper foil, carbon cloth a pepa paha, FTO, stainless steel a me nickel foil. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia ʻano me ka ʻole o kona mau palena. He mea paʻakikī ke hoʻomalu pono i ka wahi hiki ke loaʻa ma waena o nā mea hana i waiho ʻia a no laila, emi ka hana electrode me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mānoanoa kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma muli o ka hiki ʻole o ka substrate i nā wahi catalytically active i loko. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka paʻakikī a me ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o ke ʻano hana keakea nui i kāna hoʻohana pono. No laila, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana hana kumu kūʻai noʻekolu-dimensional (3D) electrodespono no nā noi electrochemical holomua.

ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea metala ʻekolu-dimensional hou me nā hale porous a me nā wahi kikoʻī kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe ua huki nui ʻia ma muli o ko lākou hiki ke hōʻemi i ka lōʻihi diffusion ion a hoʻonui i ka conductivity ionic a me ka uila. No laila, ʻo kahi kuhikuhi hoʻohiki no ka hoʻolālā electrocatalyst ʻo ia ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ana hoʻolālā like ʻole i mea e hana ai i kahi nanostructured composite o nā mea lawe catalyst e hāʻawi i ka conductivity kiʻekiʻe, ka ʻili nui a me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe.ʻĀpana nikela(NF), kahi mea kūʻai kūʻai a me nā mea kūʻai ʻole, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ke ʻano he substrate a me ka lawe ʻana i nā mea electrode ma muli o kona makemake ʻekolu-dimensional open-pore structure, kiʻekiʻe uila conductivity, a nui kikoʻī kikoʻī ʻāpana. Hāʻawi pū nā ala i loko o nā NF i ka hoʻoili nuipaʻa maikaʻi a me ka ʻili nui o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana. Ua ʻimi ʻia nā ʻano substrate like ʻole, e komo pū ana me nā ʻāpana metala, meshes, foils a me nā lole ma ke ʻano he mea hōʻiliʻili no nā noi electrochemical e like me nā pā lithium-ion, supercapacitors, solar cell a me ka hoʻokaʻawale wai. ʻO ka mea nui, ua huki nā porous NF i ka nānā ʻana ma muli o ko lākou kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa, conductivity uila, a me ka nui o ka ili electroactive, kahi kūpono no ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā catalysts a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā wahi hana electrochemical. Eia kekahi, loaʻa i nā NF porous nā mea maikaʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka lawe nui ʻana o nā electrolytes, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mau moho kūpono no nā mea hōʻiliʻili kiʻekiʻe i kēia manawa i nā noi ikehu. Hoʻonui pololei ka ulu ʻana o nā mea hana ma ka nickel foam i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka catalyst-substrate no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka electron pono i loko o ka hāʻina wai. ʻOiai ʻo ka supercapacitor a me nā electrodes pākaukau ka mea nui no nā NF, ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina hou i nā mea electrode i waiho ʻia ma kēia mea ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka ʻoihana OER ma mua o Ni foils a me nā upena. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea i ko lākou ʻano kūlohelohe a i hoʻonani ʻia me nā mea hana, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻōpala ma ke ʻano he ʻohi a me nā substrate kākoʻo. No laila, ʻo ka ulu ʻana o kahi mea catalytic nanostructured, waiwai nui o ka honua ma nā substrates NF e paʻa i ka ʻōlelo hoʻohiki no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea electrode kiʻekiʻe no ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu / hoʻololi. ʻOiai ua loaʻa maʻamau nā electrocatalysts waiwai nui o ka honua i ulu pololei ma luna o ka nickel foam, ʻaʻole i noiʻi nui ʻia nā electrodes ʻekolu-dimensional ma ka nickel foam no nā OER a me HERs, ʻoiai he mau hale hierarchical porous i haʻahaʻa a maʻalahi hoʻi e hana.