Chithovu chachitsulo: Chitsulo chatsopano chomwe chili “champhamvu” komanso “chopepuka”.

Chithovu chachitsulo chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera, kuphatikiza mawonekedwe achitsulo ndi magwiridwe antchito a zida za porous. Chithovu chachitsulo ndi cha zida zachitsulo, porosity yamkati imatha kufika 90% kapena kupitilira apo, mawonekedwe ake ali ngati "thovu" kapena "chisa", kuswa lingaliro lachikhalidwe la chitsulo cholimba, zonse zitsulo "zamphamvu" ndi kuwira "kuwala" makhalidwe, ndi latsopano dongosolo-ntchito kusakanikirana zipangizo zitsulo. "Imaphwanya lingaliro lachikhalidwe la chitsulo chowundana ndipo ili ndi mawonekedwe onse achitsulo ndi thovu, womwe ndi mtundu watsopano wachitsulo wokhala ndi kuphatikiza-ntchito. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera, chitsulo cha thovu sichimangosunga ma conductivity, ductility, weldability ndi mawonekedwe ena azitsulo zam'munsi, komanso zimakhala ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito porous, monga kuyamwa kwa mphamvu ndi kugwetsa kugwedezeka, kuchepetsa phokoso, kutetezedwa kwa electromagnetic, mpweya permeability ndi madzi permeability, amene anakopa chidwi ambiri m'munda wa zipangizo sayansi kunyumba ndi kunja ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzamlengalenga ndi petrochemical. minda.

Njira zazikulu zogawira thovu lachitsulo ndi:
(1) Malinga ndi kukula kwa pore awiri ndi porosity: pore m'mimba mwake zosakwana 0.3mm, porosity pakati pa 45% ndi 90%, wotchedwa porous zitsulo; ndi pore awiri a 0.5-6mm, porosity wamkulu kuposa 90%, lotchedwa zitsulo thovu;
(2) Malingana ndi mapangidwe a pore: amagawidwa kupyolera mu-pore kapangidwe ndi kutsekedwa kwa pore;
(3) Malinga ndi kukonzekera ndondomeko: poyamba anakonza ndi thobvu njira amatchedwa zitsulo thovu, ndipo kenako anayamba kuponya percolation ndi njira zina kukonzekera amatchedwanso mpweya wabwino zitsulo;
(4) Malinga ndi mtundu wa masanjidwewo: aluminium thovu, thovu la faifi tambala, thovu lamkuwa ndi zina zotero. Kukonzekera ndondomeko, chikhalidwe kukonzekera njira kupeza zitsulo thovu ndi zambiri zovuta kusakhazikika pore dongosolo, ndi 3D kusindikiza akhoza molondola kulamulira pore dongosolo, mwa mawu olondola kupatsa mphamvu thovu zitsulo kukulitsa zochitika ntchito, monga porous titaniyamu mu zachipatala, zida zolondola ndi magawo ena kuti mudzaze mipata yogwiritsira ntchito zitsulo za thovu.

Structural-functional Integrated material, zitsulo thovu ntchito chiyembekezo ndi yotakata
Chithovu chachitsulo chimagwirizanitsa kapangidwe kake ndi ntchito: monga zinthu zomangika, thovu lachitsulo liri ndi makhalidwe a kulemera kwake ndi mphamvu zenizeni; monga zinthu zogwirira ntchito, thovu lachitsulo limakhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga porous, kugwedera kugwedezeka, kunyowa, kutulutsa mawu, kutsekereza mawu, kutulutsa kutentha, kuyamwa kwamphamvu, kutchingira kwamagetsi ndi zina zotero. Ndi katundu wake wapadera, thovu lachitsulo lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ndi malo apamwamba kwambiri:
(1) Pogwiritsa ntchito kulemera kwake komanso mphamvu zenizeni zenizeni, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zoyandama madzi, zida zamasewera (monga sledges, etc.), ndi mbali zofananira zamagalimoto apamlengalenga;
(2) Kugwiritsa ntchito porous, kupanga zosefera zamankhwala, kuyeretsa madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu purosesa ya gasification, kuthamangitsa mafuta amtundu wamafuta, zokongoletsera zonunkhira, ndi zina zotero;
(3) ntchito kugwedera damping, damping ntchito, ndi kupanga monga chotchinga, kugwedera absorber, monga zida ankatera wa mlengalenga, chikepe kufala khushoni chitetezo ndi zosiyanasiyana mabokosi, makamaka mabokosi zoyendera mpweya, mabedi chida makina, maziko, mphete zonyowa, ndi zina zotero;
(4) Kugwiritsa ntchito ma electromagnetic shielding, kupepuka komanso kuyamwa kwabwino kwambiri, kutulutsa mawu, kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapanelo otchingira mawu amakampani omanga, chipolopolo cha zida zamagetsi ndi chipinda chotchingira chamagetsi.

Muzinthu zenizeni, chithovu chachitsulo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu aluminiyamu, faifi tambala, mkuwa ndi ma alloys ake, mikhalidwe yayikulu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matrix ndi madera ogwiritsira ntchito amasiyana.
(1) Chithovu cha aluminiyamu: Monga zida zoyambira zitsulo zopangidwa ndi thovu, mwayi waukulu wa thovu la aluminiyamu uli pakulemera kopepuka, kutchinjiriza kutentha, kutchinjiriza kwamawu, kutchinga kwamagetsi, kuyamwa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pachitetezo chachitetezo. ya zida zoponya, ndege ndi zida zawo zobwezerezedwanso, ndipo imagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'magawo achitetezo chagalimoto, chipangizo chamagetsi ndi makina opumira, ma electromagnetic wave. kutchinga chivundikiro cha magetsi mu pulse, ndi zina zotero;
(2) thovu la faifi tambala: ndi mawonekedwe ake ogwirizana pore ndi mkulu porosity, faifi tambala thovu mu mpweya wokwanira, mkulu pamwamba m`dera ndi capillary mphamvu, pamene kukana dzimbiri ali ndi ubwino waukulu, ambiri ntchito kupanga zosefera madzimadzi, converters chothandizira, ma atomizer ndi mbale za electrode ya batri ndi osinthanitsa kutentha;
(3) thovu lamkuwa: thovu lamkuwa lili ndi madulidwe abwino amagetsi ndi ductility, pokonzekera zida za batri negative (chonyamulira), zonyamulira zonyamula ndi zida zotchingira zamagetsi ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimatha.