Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zopangidwa ndi nanostructured pazinthu zitatu-dimensional nickel thovu ngati ma electrocatalysts pakusweka kwamadzi.

Kuchepa kwa mafuta opangira mafuta komanso nkhawa zomwe zikukulirakulira pazamphamvu komanso zachilengedwe zapangitsa kuti pakhale kafukufuku wambiri wofuna kupanga njira zina zamagetsi.Electrochemical electrolysisMadzi amatengedwa ngati njira yodalirika yopangira mafuta a haidrojeni. Komabe, kusweka kwamadzi kwabwino kumafuna ma electrocatalyst ogwira ntchito komanso olimba omwe amatha kuthamangitsa kinetics ya oxygen-extraction reaction (OER) ndi hydrogen-extraction reaction (HER). Zopangira zitsulo zolemekezeka, monga Pt ndi ma alloys ake, RuO2 ndi IrO2, ndizo zomwe zimathandizira kwambiri pothandizira OER ndi HER. Komabe, kukwera mtengo komanso kusowa kwa zitsulo zodziwika bwino kwalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kwakukulu komanso kupanga matekinoloje amagetsi ongowonjezwdwa. Pofuna kuthana ndi zofookazi, kuyesayesa kwakukulu kwapangidwa kupanga ndi kupanga ma electrocatalyst achitsulo omwe si amtengo wapatali pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapadziko lapansi monga njira zachuma za OER ndi OERHER. Transition metal oxides, sulfides, phosphides, carbon materials, selenides, ndi zitsulo zosakanikirana zakhala zikuphunziridwa mozama ndipo zasonyeza ntchito yabwino kwa OER ndi HER. Komabe, ambiri mwa ma electrocatalyst awa amafunikira zochulukirapo kuposa zopangira zitsulo zodziwika bwino, ndipo kuwongolera kukhazikika kwawo kumakhalabe kofunika. Choncho, pakufunika kofunika kwambiri kuti pakhale njira yotsika mtengo komanso yogwira ntchito ya electrode yokhala ndi ntchito zambiri komanso kukhazikika kwa nthawi yaitali kuti madzi azigawanitsa bwino.

M'munda wa ntchito electrochemical, njira ziwiri zazikulu zagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera maelekitirodi. Njira yoyamba komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito chothandizira mu mawonekedwe a ufa. Nthawi zambiri, ma elekitirodi amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito slurries wa zida zamagetsi, zowonjezera ma conductivity, ndi zomatira pamagawo a conductive. Komabe, njira iyi ilibe zovuta zake. Choyipa chachikulu ndichofunika kuti pakhale cholumikizira chamagetsi, chomwe chimachepetsa malo olumikizana pakati pa electrolyte ndi chothandizira. Izi zitha kupangitsa kutsekeka kwa malo omwe akugwira ntchito mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kukana kwambiri komanso kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito a electrocatalytic. Kuphatikiza apo, ma elekitirodi ndi osakhazikika, chifukwa chothandizira chomwe chimalumikizidwa chimachoka pagawo loyendetsa pamlingo waukulu wapano. Njira yachiwiri yokonzekera ma elekitirodi ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zopangira zitsulo zodziwika bwino zomwe zimayikidwa mwachindunji pagawo la conductive, monga thovu la faifi tambala, zojambula zamkuwa, nsalu ya kaboni kapena pepala, FTO, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi zojambula za faifi tambala. Komabe, njira imeneyi ilibe malire ake. Zimakhala zovuta kuwongolera bwino malo opezeka pakati pa zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zayikidwa ndipo, chifukwa chake, magwiridwe antchito a electrode amachepetsa ndi kuchuluka kwa filimu chifukwa cha kusapezeka kwa gawo lapansi kumasamba omwe akugwira ntchito mkati. Kuphatikiza apo, zovuta komanso kukwera mtengo kwa njirayi kumalepheretsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito kwake. Choncho, kupanga njira zopangira zopangira ndalama zopangira ndalamama elekitirodi a mbali zitatu (3D).ndikofunikira kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino ma electrochemical.

Kupanga zida zatsopano zazitsulo zitatu-dimensional zokhala ndi ma porous komanso malo apamwamba kwambiri kwachititsa chidwi kwambiri chifukwa cha kuthekera kwawo kuchepetsa kutalika kwa ion kufalikira ndikuwonjezera ma ionic ndi magetsi. Choncho, njira yodalirika ya mapangidwe a electrocatalyst ndikugwirizanitsa miyeso yosiyana ya mapangidwe kuti apange nanostructured composite of catalyst carriers yomwe imapereka ma conductivity apamwamba, malo akuluakulu komanso kukhazikika kwakukulu.Chithovu cha Nickel(NF), zinthu zomwe zimapezeka pamalonda komanso zotsika mtengo, zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati gawo lapansi ndi chonyamulira cha zipangizo za electrode chifukwa cha zofunikira zake zitatu-dimensional open-pore structure, high conductivity conduction, and big specific surface area.The micropores and jagged flow mayendedwe mkati mwa NFs amaperekanso kusamutsa kwabwino kwa anthu ambiri komanso malo akulu pagawo lililonse. Magawo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo thovu lachitsulo, ma meshes, zojambulazo ndi nsalu, adafufuzidwa ngati osonkhanitsa ma electrochemical applications monga mabatire a lithiamu-ion, supercapacitors, ma cell a solar ndi kupatukana kwamadzi. Makamaka, ma porous NFs akopa chidwi chifukwa cha mtengo wawo wotsika, magetsi, komanso malo akuluakulu a electroactive pamwamba, omwe ndi abwino kuti azitha kukweza zopangira komanso kuwonjezera malo ogwiritsira ntchito electrochemical. Kuphatikiza apo, ma NF a porous ali ndi maubwino opititsa patsogolo kayendedwe ka ma electrolyte, kuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera otolera pakali pano pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Kukula kwachindunji kwa zinthu zogwira ntchito pa thovu la faifi tambala kumapangitsanso kukhudzana kothandizira kuti ma elekitironi asamutsidwe bwino pakuphwanyidwa kwamadzi. Ngakhale ma electrode a supercapacitor ndi ma batri akadali ntchito zazikulu za NFs, kafukufuku waposachedwa wawonetsa kuti zida zama electrode zomwe zayikidwa pankhaniyi zili ndi ntchito yapamwamba ya OER kuposa ma foil ndi maukonde a Ni. Zidazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachilengedwe kapena zokongoletsedwa ndi zida zogwira ntchito, ndipo thovu zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati otolera komanso magawo othandizira. Choncho, kukula kwa nanostructured, chuma chothandizira padziko lapansi pa NF substrates chimakhala ndi lonjezo la chitukuko cha zipangizo zamakono za electrode zosungira mphamvu / kutembenuza zipangizo. Ngakhale ma electrocatalyst olemera padziko lapansi omwe amakula mwachindunji pa thovu la nickel amapezeka kawirikawiri, ma electrodes atatu-dimensional pa foam ya nickel kwa OERs ndi HERs sanafufuzidwe mozama, ngakhale kuti ndi ma porous hierarchical structures omwe ndi otsika mtengo komanso osavuta kupanga.