Mhangura-yakaiswa kabhoni faibha aluminium foam sandwich panel performance maitiro ichienzaniswa neyakajairika aluminium foam sandwich panel.

Aluminium foam sandwich(AFS) mapaneru ane musanganiswa wezvimiro uye zvinoshanda hunhu senge yakaderera density, yakakwirira chaiyo simba, inofarirwa simba kunyura, damping simba, uye electromagnetic shielding. Izvi zvakanakisa zvivakwa zvinoita kuti AFS ive neyakakura mukana mune aerospace, zvekufambisa, uye minda yemugungwa. Kuenzaniswa nemafuro esimbi, mahwendefa ekunze esimbi eAFS anogona kunyatsovhara furo uye kugadzirisa huronyo hwayo hwemagetsi, sekusimba uye kubhenda simba. Kazhinji, iyo AFS yakagadzirwa neadhesive bonding nzira, iyo inosanganisira kubatanidza furo realuminium kune yakasimba simbi mapaneru uchishandisa epoxy resin adhesive.

Kunyangwe iyo inonamira yekubatanidza nzira inonyatso wedzera kunyorova kwechimiro, inoperekedzwa nezvinogumira, zvinosanganisira zvinonetsa mukudzokorodza uye kukonzeresa kutadza kwe delamination pasi pekupisa kwepamusoro kana kuora. Kugadzirisa zvipingamupinyi izvi, kuedza kwakawanda kwekutsvagisa kwakatsaurirwa kuwana metallurgical bonding pakati pepaneru neiyo core layer.

Parizvino, nzira dzekugadzirira dzeAFS dzakanangana nekuwana simbi yesimbi dzinowanzoiswa muzvikamu zvitatu: welding, kunyunguduka kupupa, uye kurongedzera rolling poda metallurgy nzira. Pakati peidzi nzira, iyo yekurongedzera rolling poda metallurgy nzira inoonekwa seyepamusoro kudzora pore chimiro uye kuwana yakaderera-yekushisa furo. Basa redu rekare rakashandisa tekinoroji iyi kugadzira yakakura-saizi AFS ine zvirinani zvekuwedzera zvivakwa uye cellular chimiro chekushandisa mumaindasitiri.

Nekudaro, nekuda kweiyo yakaderera yekumanikidza ma mechanical zvimiro zvefoam core, kuvandudzwa kwesimba remagetsi reAFS kushoma, saka kumwe kuvandudzwa kwesimba refoam core kwakakosha kune AFS.

Kusvika pari zvino, nzira dzakajairika dzakataurwa kuvandudza iyo compressive mechanical properties yealuminium foamndeaya anotevera: kurapwa kwepamusoro, kurapwa kwekupisa, uye kusimbiswa nekuwedzera zvidimbu, fibers, alloying elements, etc. Pakati pavo, short carbon fibers ine low density, high elastic modulus, uye yakakura yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwakakwezva kutarisa kwakawanda sekuvimbisa kusimbisa zvinhu. Uyezve, pamusoro pesimbi yekabhoni fibers, ne electroplating kana kemikari plating senge copper plating kana nickel plating, inowedzera kunatsiridza kunyorova kwekabhoni fibers mualuminium inonyunguduka uye inodzivirira kukanganisa kunokuvadza pakati pekabhoni fiber uye aluminium inonyungudika. Short carbon fiber ikozvino inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kusimbisa aluminium matrix composite.

Bhav Singhetal. yakagadzirwa nemhangura-yakavharwa kabhoni fibers yakasimbisa aruminiyamu matrix macomposites kuburikidza nekukandira nzira yekukanda. Muetal. akagadzirwa aruminiyamu matrix macomposites akasimbiswa nenickel-yakavharwa kabhoni fibers uchishandisa maviri-roll yekukanda nzira. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kukwidziridzwa kwakakosha musimba rekusimba remakompositi nekuwedzera kwekabhoni fibers. Zvisinei, pane tsvakurudzo shoma yakaitwa pamusoroaluminium foam yakasimbiswanemhangura-yakavharwa kabhoni fibers. Caoetal. yekutanga kugadzirira mhangura-yakavharwa kabhoni fibers yakasimbisa aruminiyamu furo kuburikidza nekunyungudusa kupupa nzira. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti 0.35 vol% yeCf inogona kudzikamisa furo realuminium nekudzivirira kuputika kwefirimu remvura, uye kuwanda kwemafiber akawedzerwa kune furo kunowedzera kugadzikana. Muetal. yakaratidza kuti kunyorovesa zvinhu zvealuminium furo rakagadzirwa nenzira yekunyungudutsa furo yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya nekuwedzera kweCf.

Saizvozvo, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti kuwedzera kweCf kunogona kuve zano rinoshanda rekuvandudza panguva imwe chete kugadzikana kwefuro uye mashandiro emagetsi.aluminium foams. Uyezve, hapasati pave nemishumo pamusoro pemhangura-yakaputirwa kabhoni fibers yakasimbiswa aruminiyamu foam sandwich panels yakagadzirwa kuburikidza nehupfu metallurgy nzira, iyo inokurudzira vatsvakurudzi kuita zvimwe zvakadzama zvidzidzo mundima iyi.

Zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakaitwa pane nucleation mechanism uye kugadzikana kwealuminium foamspamwe nekuwedzera kwekusimbisa zvikamu. Misiyano yenhamba yepore uye pore morphology,

senge saizi, kugovera, uye chimiro, zvinowanzo kuverengerwa kune nucleation michina uye kugadzikana. Heterogeneous nucleation mhedzisiro uye oxide network kudzikamisa nzira muupfu metallurgy system yakaongororwa zvakanyanya. Quaternary alloy powders inoumbwa neAl-Si-Mg-Cu inoshandiswa mubepa rino yaratidza mwero wakakura wekuwedzera uye tembiricha yakaderera inopupuma, ine solidus tembiricha ye507 ◦C uye tembiricha yemvura ye596 ◦C. Zvakadaro, pane kushomeka kwekutsvagisa maererano neiyo nucleation mashandiro, kugadzikana, uye compressive mechanical zvimiro zveupfu compacts ine iyi chaiyo alloy kuumbwa, kunyanya kana ichibatanidza Cf. Mumabasa apfuura, kuferefetwa kweiyo nucleation uye kudzikamisa nzira kwainyanya kuitwa kuburikidza neasiri-in-situ nzira, zvinosanganisira tomographic kuongororwa kwemasampuli akakurumidza kutonhodzwa zvichitevera kukanganiswa kwefuro. Nehurombo, submicron bubble nucleation inowanzoitika panguva yekudziya kwekutanga uye inowedzera nekukurumidza mukati menguva dzenguva kubva pa100 ms kusvika 1 s, kazhinji ichiunza matambudziko ekutarisa-chaiyo-nguva. Iyo yemazuva ano synchrotron radiation X-ray imaging tekinoroji ine yakakwira simba uye spatiotemporal resolution, inobvumira chaiyo-nguva, in situ kucherechedzwa kweiyo nucleation uye kukura maitiro ealuminium furo pane yakakwirira tembiricha. Parizvino, vaongorori vashoma chete ndivo vakaongorora iyo inoputika kinetics yeAl-Si-Mg alloy poda neiyo synchrotron radiation. Somuenzaniso, García-Morenoetal. yakashuma chiitiko chakakura chesimba mune liquid aluminium furo, kusanganisira nucleation uye kukura, bubble rearrangement, kudzoreredza kwemvura, agglomeration, uye kuputika kwefirimu. Kamm et al. akadzidza iyo nucleation uye kukura maitiro eAlSi8Mg4 aluminium foam ne synchrotron radiation. Zvavakawana zvakaratidza kuti haidrojeni inogadzirwa kuburikidza nekuparara kweadsorbates paupfu hwesimbi inomiririra imwe yakakosha nucleation mechanism. Asi, kudyidzana pakati pezvinotangira zvinhu zvakaoma kunzwisisa, uye simba rekupupa rinogona kupesvedzerwa nekuumbwa kwaro. Kune ese ari maviri Al-Si-Cu-Mg poda system uye iyo Al-Si-Cu-Mg poda system ine yakawedzera Cf, kunzwisisa uye kuongorora kutangwa uye kukura kwefuro resimbi kwakakosha pakuwedzera kuumbwa kwefuro kuvandudza zvivakwa. zvemaapplication.

Mubasa iri, Cf/AFS neAFS ine metallurgical interfacial bonding yakagadzirwa nepacking rolling powder metallurgy method. Iyo mabubble evolution yeCf/AFS neAFS yakacherechedzwa mu situ nesynchrotron radiation kuratidza magadzirirwo eCf pane bubble nucleation, kukura nekubatana, uye kugadzikana. Mukuwedzera, Cf / AFS uye AFS dzakaputirwa nefuro pa620 ◦C ye15 min muvira rekamuri. Mushure meizvozvo, iyo pore saizi yekugovera, pore microstructure, uye compressive mechaniki zvimiro zvemasamples akapushwa akaonekwa uye akaedzwa. Kubva pane zvidzidzo zvambotaurwa, chimiro uye simba rekumanikidza reCf/AFS neAFS zvakaongororwa zvakarongeka.

2. Zvishandiso uye nzira

2.1. Raw materials

Zvinhu zvitanhatu zvakashandiswa kugadzirira AFS uye Cf/AFS: Al hupfu (avhareji saizi: 45 μm, kuchena> 99.70%), Si poda (avhareji saizi: 38 μm, kuchena> 99.50%), Cu poda (avhareji saizi: 38 μm, kuchena> 99.90%), Mg hupfu (avhareji saizi: 75 μm, kuchena > 99.70%), TiH2 hupfu (avhareji saizi: 45 μm, kuchena > 99.70%), uye mhangura-yakavharwa kabhoni fiber (avhareji saizi: 1 ~ 2 mm, ukobvu hwemhangura-yakavharwa: 1.4 μm).

2.2. Kugadzirwa kweCf/AFS

Iyo schematic yekurongedza rolling poda metallurgy nzira inoratidzwa mukatiMufananidzo 1. Munguva yekusanganiswa, iyo quaternary alloy AlSi6Mg4Cu4 poda yakagadzirwa, nehupfu hweAl, Si, Cu, uye Mg muzvikamu zve86 wt%, 6 wt%, 4 wt%, uye 4 wt%, zvichiteerana. 1 wt% oxidized TiH2 powder (kupisa kurapwa mumhepo kwe 1.5 h pa470 ◦C) yakawedzerwa semhepo inoputika iyo inobudisa H2 nokukurumidza pakupisa kwekunyunguduka kunowedzera kunyunguduka. Pamusoro pezvo, 0.5 wt% yekabhoni fibers yakaverengerwa senhanho dzekusimbisa. Zvikuru, kusimudzira kunyorova uye kudzivirira maitiro anokuvadza seAl4C3 pafiber-aluminium melt interface panguva yekupupa, kabhoni fibers yaive yemhangura-yakavharwa kuburikidza ne electroplating. Iyo electroplating process yakatsanangurwa muRefs.Mufananidzo 2inoratidza mhangura-yakavharwa kabhoni fibers inowanikwa ne electroless plating process. Iyo yekuputira ine yunifomu uye inoenderera yekuvhara yefiber pamusoro(Mufananidzo 2(a)–(b)). Mushure mezvo, mavara akasiyana-siyana akashandiswa muchidzidzo ichi akagadzirwa nekunyatsosanganisa hupfu hwadudzwa neCf uye pasina Cf mumusanganiswa wemativi matatu kwemaawa matatu. Iyo yakafanana yakasanganiswa poda yakavharidzirwa mukati mevhavha yakavharwa, inoteverwa neinotonhora uye inopisa kukunguruka maitiro.

Iyo inotonhora inotenderedza nhanho inonyatso buritsa mweya kubva mukati memakomba uye nzvimbo dzepakati pakati pezvimedu kuburikidza neakatevedzana akawanda anopfuura uye madiki ekuora mwoyo. Iyo inopisa yekutenderedza nhanho inova nechokwadi chekuti precursor inowana hukama hunopfuura 98% kuburikidza nekubatana-deformation yepaneru nehupfu, iyo inofambisa inotevera furo maitiro. Detailed rolling process parameters inotsanangurwa muRefs. AFS uye Cf/AFS foamable precursors inowanikwa kuburikidza nemaitiro ambotaurwa. Pakupedzisira, zvose zvinoputika zvinoputika zvakapisa pa 620 ◦C ye 15 min kugadzira Cf / AFS uye AFS mienzaniso, iyo yakashandiswa pakuongorora ukuru hwepore, microstructural characterization, uye compressive mechanical properties tests.

2.3. Characterization uye bvunzo nzira

2.3.1. Microstructural characterization

Iyo Microstructure morphology yeCf/AFS uye AFS yakaongororwa nemunda emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Zeiss Ultra Plus). Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) yakashandiswa kuona kuumbwa kwezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana mumadziro emadziro emasampuli ane furo. Longitudinal zvikamu zvemasamples zvakawanikwa nekucheka zvienzaniso zvine furo uchishandisa muchina we electro-dicharging (EDM, DK7745). Zvichitevera izvi, zvikamu zvemarefu zvemuenzaniso zvakanamirwa nependi ndokuzokwizwa jecha nekukwenenzverwa pachishandiswa 800-grit uye 1500-grit sandpaper, zvichiteerana. Pakupedzisira, iwo akaenzana maseru madhayamita (Dmean) eakakwenenzverwa emuenzaniso muchinjika-chikamu akatemerwa uchishandisa mufananidzo wekuongorora software, Image Pro Plus 6.0.

Mufananidzo 1.Schematic yekurongedza rolling poda metallurgy nzira.

Mufananidzo 2.SEM mifananidzo ye (a) yemhangura-yakavharwa kabhoni fibers, uye (b) inoratidza maonerwo akakwidziridzwa edunhu rakanyorwa nechikwere chitsvuku mu(a). Mifananidzo (c) na (d) ndiwo mhedzisiro yeEDS yepoinzi A mu(b).

Mufananidzo 3.Schematic diagram ye synchrotron radiation experiment setup.

2.3.2. In-situ furo kucherechedzwa nesynchrotron radiation

Iyo schematic dhizaini ye synchrotron radiation yekuyedza setup yakadhirowewa mukatiMufananidzo 3. Iwo maedzo akaitwa pabeamline 4W1A yeBeijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF, Beijing Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China). Kusiyana neyakajairwa kunyura-kusiyanisa kufungidzira, pepa iri rinoshandisa chikamu-kusiyanisa kufungidzira neiyo Synchrotron Radiation Chiedza Chitubu. Iyi nzira inogadzirisa magumo echinyakare absorption imaging, iyo isingashande pakuona zvinhu zvisina kusimba zvinotora. Maitiro ekupupa ezvienzaniso akaitwa mukati mevira rakagadzirwa furo, rine 15 mm ne 15 mm sikweya hwindo rakamisikidzwa perpendicular kune X-ray danda nzira. Saizi yemuenzaniso, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 3, inoyera 15 mm × 15 mm × 2 mm. Sample inoiswa muforoma mold ine imwe nhamba yeceramic sheets. Munguva yese yekuputira furo, maX-rays anogona kupfuura nemumuenzaniso uye anotorwa nechaji-yakabatana mudziyo (CCD) kamera. Iyo yakasarudzwa X-ray sosi yakashanda pakusimba kwe20 Kev, uye yakakura yekuona saizi ye 7.4 mm × 7.4 mm yakashandiswa kuti igone kugonesa kutarisisa kwese kwese kwekuita kupupa.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti ticherechedze kuti iwo akacherechedzwa samples akaiswa mune imwe nzira perpendicular kune ese ari maviri anotenderera nzira uye tangential kutungamira. Zvose zviri zviviri zvakatangira zvine 0.5 wt% Cf uye avo vasina 0.5 wt% Cf vakave nemapuranga avo emativi akabviswa kubva kumativi maviri emasampuli achishandisa EDM. Mhedzisiro yeCf pane inopupuma hunhu hwealuminium furo yakaongororwa. Uyezve, zvigadziriso zvine zvinyorwa zvakasiyana zvakapushwa muchoto chekupisa chimwe chete patembiricha yakagara yakatarwa ye620 ◦C.

2.3.3. Compression mechanical properties bvunzo

Mienzaniso yekumanikidzika yakatemwa kuva cylindrical specimens nehupamhi hwe 23 mm uye hupamhi hwe 20 mm ne EDM, uye nzira dzose dzakasimbiswa kuti dzibatanidze zvishoma 10 pores yakakwana kuti irege kuita saizi. Quasi-static compression tests yakaitwa ichitevera zviyero ISO13314–2011 uye GB/T31930–2015, pachishandiswa AG-XPLUS electron universal material test machine ine hurefu hwekuremerwa hunosvika zana KN. Mienzaniso mitatu yakaedzwa kuboka rega rega, uye iyo compressive stress-strain curves mupepa rino inomiririra avhareji yemhedzisiro inowanikwa kubva kune matatu akaedzwa samples. Miedzo yose yakaitwa pasi pekutonga kwekutamisa, kuchengetedza nguva dzose ye-cross-head speed ye 2 mm / min (inoenderana neyokutanga strain rate ye10-3 s-1) panzvimbo yekushisa.

Mufananidzo 4.Nguva-yakagadziriswa synchrotron radiation mifananidzo yeCf / AFS foaming process: (a) unfoamed precursor at t0 moment ye380 ◦C; (b) - (c) kupera kwe elemental mhangura uye mhando II nucleation panguva yekunyungudika kwekutanga; (d)–(g) heterogeneous nucleation nekukura mabubbles; uye (h)–(i) furo kubatanidzwa nekutsemuka.

3. Migumisiro uye nhaurirano

3.1. In situ foaming maitiro pasi pe synchrotron radiation

3.1.1. Foam shanduko yeCf/AFS

Mufananidzo 4inoratidza akatevedzana esynchrotron radiation mifananidzo inoratidza kubuda furo kweCf/AFS. Mifananidzo yepakutanga yeCF/AFS(Mufananidzo 4 (a))zvakatorwa apo matrix yaive yakasimba pa 380 ◦C, uye nguva ino yakaiswa se t0. Zvichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvinhu zviri muprecursor, Cf inoratidzika dema mukati meiyo yakawanda grey aluminium-rich matrix. Izvi zvinogona kuverengerwa kune yakakwira mhangura yemukati pane fiber pamusoro, sezvakaratidzwa mukatiMufananidzo 2(c)–(d), iyo ine huremu hukuru hweatomu kana ichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvikamu zvemutangiri. Uyezve, ruzhinji rweCf runoonekwa rwakapararira uye rwakaparadzana, pane kuunganidzwa pamwechete, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 4(a). Izvi zvinoreva kuti ne 0.5 wt% yekuwedzera yeCf, 3 h inosimudzira maitiro inogona kunyatsowana iyo inodiwa mamiriro ekupararira.

Pa t0 + 194s (sezvinoonekwa mukatiMufananidzo 4(b)), nhamba yakati wandei yemabhururu machena, anenge akatenderera ane madhayamita kubva pa90 μm kusvika 180 μm anogona kucherechedzwa mune grey aluminium matrix (yakaiswa museve mutsvuku). Huwandu hwemabhuru hwakaramba huchiwedzera mukati me46 s, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 4(c). Pamusoro pezvo, imwe shanduko yakakosha inoitika mumatrix ndeyekuti mamwe mabhuru madiki anowanzo kuumba pamusoro peCf nekutanga kweCu dissolutions (yakaiswa nebhokisi dzvuku rine madoti). Chiitiko ichi chinogona kunge chakakonzerwa nemhando yechipiri nucleation inoitika mukati memhangura-ine poda compact. Izvo zvinobvumwa zvakanyanya kuti kuwedzera kweCu kunoderedza zvakanyanya kunyungudika tembiricha yealloys. Izvi zvinoguma nekunyunguduka kwenzvimbo kwakatenderedza hupfu hwehupfu muhupfu hwehupfu hune hupfu hwemhangura panguva yekudziya, zvichigadzira huwandu hwakakura hweAl-Si-Mg-Cu quaternary eutectic inonyungudika pakudzika kwakadzika. Iyo quaternary eutectic melt pool inoita kunge inzvimbo isina kusimba mualloy uye inowanzoita nucleation. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mabubbles anowanzoita nucleate uye kukura pedyo nemhangura-yakavharwa pafiber pamusoro. Uyezve, iyo yakaderera yemvura chikamu mumatrix panguva ino inokonzeresa magasi kubva mukuora kweTiH2 kuti aungane nyore mualuminium matrix. Type II nucleation inogona kunyatso kudzivirira gasi rakaunganidzwa richimanikidza yakaderera mvura chikamu chechikamu matrix uye kuparadzira mitswe nemumvura, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kwakanyanya kwehuwandu hwehydrogen.

Mufananidzo 4(d)inoratidza mabubbles anotanga aita nucleate uye kukura padunhu reCf sezvo matrix inonyungudika, uye nzvimbo dzebubble dzinoenderana neinonyangarika yemhangura-yakavharwa layer (yakanyorwa nebhokisi dzvuku rine madoti). Yakanyatsosimbiswa kuti kuwedzerwa kwezvikamu zvechipiri kunowedzera nhamba yeheterogeneous nucleation sites, nokudaro kuderedza simba rekudzivirira kwekugadzirwa kwehuputi hutsva mukati me alloy melt. Zvichakadaro, chiyero che nucleation chine hukama neiyo yakazara heterogeneous nucleation nzvimbo pavhoriyamu yeyuniti. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti mabubbles anotanga nucleate panzvimbo idzo kabhoni fiber iripo uye anowedzera nekureba kwekabhoni fiber. Nekuwedzera kwekuwedzera muchikamu chakanyunguduka, akawanda mabhuru matsva anoramba achibuda kubvaMufananidzo 4(e)–4(g). Nekudaro, mwero wekubatanidzwa kwenzvimbo uye kuputika kwemabhuru kunononoka, zvichiratidza kuti mabhuru ane kugadzikana kwakanyanya. Pa t0 + 426s, nhamba yemabhuru inowedzera zvakanyanya, uye

iyo precursor volume inoratidza kuwedzera kukuru(Mufananidzo 4(h)). Uyezve, kuitika kweimwe bubble kubatanidza (yakaiswa museve mutsvuku), apo mabhuru madiki anotorwa neakura nekuda kweOstwald maturation, inzira isingadzivisiki panguva yekushanduka kwemafuro esimbi [40]. Ichi chiitiko chekukura zvakare chinokonzeresa kutaridzika kwenhamba diki yemabhuru makuru uye asina kujairika (akaiswa museve mutsvuku mukati.Mufananidzo 4(i)).

Mufananidzo 5.Nguva-yakagadziriswa mifananidzo yehuputi hweAFS pamatanho akasiyana: (a) isina kunyunguduka precursor pa t0 nguva ye380 ◦C; (b) kupera kwe elemental mhangura uye mhando II nucleation panguva yekunyungudika kwekutanga; (c) nucleation uye kukura maitiro emabhuru; uye (d)–(f) mabhubhu akabatana nekutsemuka.

3.1.2. Foam shanduko yeAFS

Fig. 5 inoratidza nhevedzano yemifananidzo yemwaranzi yesynchrotron inoratidza kuyerera kwe AFS. Zvakafanana neCf/AFS, mufananidzo wekutanga weiyo synchrotron radiation sequence yakatorwa apo AFS yaive muchikamu chakasimba pa380 ◦C (onaMufananidzo 5(a)). Kana iyo matrix ichidziya pamusoro peiyo solidus tembiricha, mabhuru machena madiki anoonekwa mukatiMufananidzo 5(b) ne(c), zvichibva pakuparara kweTiH2 uye kuitika kwerudzi rwechipiri nucleation munharaunda yeCu-rich. Nekudaro, iyo nhamba yemabhuru anogadzirwa uye kuwanda kwavo kwekugovera mukatiMufananidzo 5(c)yakaderera zvakanyanya kana ichienzaniswa neMufananidzo 4(c). Izvi zvinoratidza kuti Cf/AFS inopa mamwe machannel ekutanga gasi kuburitswa panguva ye nucleation, kudzivirira kuwandisa kwe-mation yekutsemuka mualuminium matrix ine yakaderera mvura chikamu.

Huwandu hushoma hwenzvimbo dzeAFS nucleation uye mukana wepamusoro wekusagadzikana bubble kukura kana ichienzaniswa neCf/AFS inogona kucherechedzwa kubva.Mufananidzo 5(d)–(f). Shanduko yemabhururu eAFS haina kujairika, uye saizi dzawo dzinoratidza kuchinjika kwakakura nekuda kwekugarisana kweese madiki madiki mabhubhu uye mabhuru mahombe akakura zvisina mwero mamirimita (akaiswa museve mutsvuku). Uyezve, kusagadzikana uku uye inhomogeneity panguva yekutanga nucleation process inogona kukonzera misiyano yakakura muchimiro chekupedzisira chepore uye mechanical properties pakati peAFS neCf/AFS.

3.2. Macrostructure analysis

Kuti uongorore misiyano ye macroscopic pore morphology uye pore dhayamita pakati peAFS neCf/AFS, maviri sandwich zvimiro zvakagadzirirwa pasi pemamiriro emurabhoritari pamhepo inopupuma ye620 ◦C ye15 min. Iwo macrostructures uye sero saizi kugoverwa kweAFS neCf/AFS inoratidzwa mukatiMufananidzo 6. Kufananidzwa kwezvikamu zvakamira zvemasampunzi ezvimiro zvesangweji zvinoratidza kuti mafuro eCf/AFS ane maseru akakwenenzverwa uye kushomeka kwakadai sekutsemuka kana kubatanidzwa kwemaseru (onaMufananidzo 6 (b)). Mukupesana, sezvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 6(a), iyo AFS inoratidza hurombo hwepore homogeneity nekuvapo kwemamwe ma pores akakura zvisingaite. Zvichakadaro, iyo yakaenzana pore dhayamita yeAFS neCf/AFS yaive 2.9 ± 0.2 mm uye 1.9 ± 0.1 mm, zvichiteerana, zvichiratidza kuti dhayamita yepore yakawedzera kunatswa nekuwedzera kweCf (onaMufananidzo 6(c) ne(d)).

Iko kushanduka kwechimiro chepore kunokonzerwa nemaitiro maviri emakwikwi: kuparara kweTiH2 uye kubatanidzwa uye kuputika kwefuro. Kuparara kweTiH2 kunobatsira kuwedzera kwenhamba ye nucleation, porosity, uye kuwedzera kwekuwedzera, nepo kubatanidzwa uye kuputika kwemabhuru kunoderedza nhamba ye pores uye kunowedzera dhayamita ye pores. Kuderedzwa kwebubble kubatanidza uye kuputika zviitiko kunobatsira pakuwana iri nani cellular chimiro. Nekudaro, iyo yakanyanya kugadzikana yefuro inodiwa kuchengetedza homogeneity ye pore chimiro panguva yekupupa. Kune Cf/AFS, kuwedzera kweCf kunovandudza zvakanyanya kunyorova kwemafiber nealuminium melt. Zvakafanana neyakashumwa Cf yakasimbisa aluminium furo [44] yakagadzirirwa neyakanyunguduka furo nzira, kuwedzera kweCf kunodzikamisa furo realuminium nekudzivirira kuputika kwemadziro uye kuderedza kuungana. Zvichakadaro, Cf inogona kugadzira mambure-akafanana mumadziro emadziro, ayo anogadzira simba rekuparadzanisa uye kudzivirira kuputika kwemabhuru, nekudaro, kuvandudza sero chimiro, kugadzikana kwefuro, uye kufanana kwekugovera kwepore.

3.3. Microstructural characterization

Mufananidzo 7(a)inoratidza iyo microstructure yesero madziro mushure mekuputika neAFS. Sekushumwa kweAlSi6Cu4Mg4 alloy foams, eutectic Al-Si, Mg2Si, Al2Cu, uye Al5Cu2Mg8Si6, iripo mune alloy, iyo inobvumirana nezvakawanikwa kubva mukuongorora kweEDS mu.Mufananidzo 7(b). Aya brittle nhanho anodzikisira zvimisikidzo zvealuminium furo nekunetesa madziro epore kana kuita sesosi yekutsemuka panguva yekuchinja. Naizvozvo, kusimudzira ma mechanic properties emadziro epore kuburikidza nekuwedzera kwekusimbisa nhanho inzira inoshanda uye inoshanda.

Kune Cf/AFS, inogona kucherechedzwa kubvaMufananidzo 7(c) uye (d)kuti iyo Cf inogoverwa mukati memadziro emadziro kana kumucheto kwesero madziro, zvichiratidza Cf ine yakanakisa wettability nealuminium kunyungudika. Uyezve, zvinoonekwa (onaMufananidzo 7(d)) kuti chidimbu chidiki cheiyo precipitated phase Al2Cu inoumba painterface pakati pefibers uye aluminium inonyungudika. Ichi chiitiko chinobatsira pakuwana chisungo chakasimba pakati pefibers uye matrix. Kufambira mberi kweiyi diffusion reaction inogona kucherechedzwa intuitively mukatiMufananidzo 4(a)–(c). Ziva kuti, iyo precipitated phase haina kutenderedza zvachose kabhoni fibers, uye mamiriro uye huwandu hwekugovera uku zvinobatsira kuCf/AFS. Kubva pakudzidza kweLv et al, paCf yakasimbisa aluminium matrix composite zvinhu, zvakaratidzwa kuti chiyero chakakodzera chechikamu chinonaya chinogona kukanganisa nekugadzirisa simba rekubatana kwechisungo.

Mufananidzo 6.Zvikamu zvakamira zvemuenzaniso wemumiririri (a) AFS uye (b) Cf/AFS. Iyo dhayamita yakaenzana maringe nechikamu chechikamu chenzvimbo chinoenderana (a) na (b) chinoratidzwa muna (c) na (d), zvichiteerana. Mutsetse wakasimba unoramba uripo mu (c) na (d) unomiririra log-zvakajairika. Regression (R2) inomiririra kunaka kwekukodzera.

Mufananidzo 7.SEM mifananidzo (a) uye (b) inoratidza iyo microstructures inoenderana neMufananidzo 6(a) AFS uyeMufananidzo 6(b) CF/AFS, zvichiteerana, zvakare,Mufananidzo 7(b) uye (d) kuratidza kukwidziridzwa kwenzvimbo kweMufananidzo 7(a) uye (c), zvichiteerana.

3.4. Mechanism yeCf inodzikamisa Al-Si-Mg-Cu furo

Zvichienderana neongororo yataurwa pamusoro apa, kumiririrwa kwechirongwa chekupupa furo kweCf/AFS neAFS kunopfupikiswa mu.Mufananidzo 8. Misiyano yakakura pakati peCf/AFS neAFS muchikamu chenyucleation, bubble kukura, uye nhanho yekubatanidza, uye danho rekusimba zvishoma nezvishoma, sezvakaratidzwa mu.Mufananidzo 8(a) ne(b).

Mufananidzo 8.Schematic diagram yeCf/AFS uye AFS foaming behavior: (a) Cf/AFS; uye (b) AFS.

Mune nucleation nhanho yeAlSi6Cu4Mg4 alloy foams, mabubbles anowanzoita nucleate mukati memvura quaternary eutectic yakatenderedza zvimedu zvemhangura, pane nucleate panzvimbo yeTiH2 zvimedu. Rudzi urwu rwe nucleation munharaunda isina kusimba ye precursor (type II nucleation) inopa mamwe nzira dzekupukunyuka dzemagasi anoburitswa neTiH2 kuora, kudzivirira kuunganidzwa kwemagasi uye kuita kuti kuputika kupararire mualuminium kunyungudika. Kuwedzerwa kwemhangura-yakavharwa kabhoni fibers sezviri pachena kunowedzera kugadzira mamwe chiteshi chekuburitsa H2. Zvisinei, sezvo aluminium yakanyunguduka isina chikamu chakakwana chemvura panguva ino, zvakaoma kuti mabhuru madiki akadaro ave nesosi yakakwana yeH2 kuti arambe achikura. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mabhuru madiki aya anotsemuka mukati mekunyungudika sezvo tembiricha inokwira. Kana iyo precursor yanyungudutswa zvachose, H2 yakaburitswa kubva kune chisimba dehydrogenation reaction yeTiH2 ichanyungudika uye inokura nekukurumidza zvichibva pane nucleation point. Iyo Cf inopa akawanda heterogeneous nucleation nzvimbo dzekugadzira mabhubhu, ayo anowedzera zvakanyanya nucleation mitengo. Panguva imwe chete, kuvapo kweCf kunonyatso kuvharidzira kubata uye kubatanidzwa kwemabhuru ekutanga uye kunodzivirira kuumbwa kwemabhuru akakura zvisina kunaka.

Munguva yekukura uye yekubatanidza nhanho yemabhuru, kuwedzera kweCf kunovandudza zvakanyanya kugadzikana kwefuro. Chikonzero ndechekuti Cf uye aluminium inonyunguduka zvine kunyorova kwakanaka, uye mafiber anogona kuvharirwa zviri nyore pakati peaviri gasi-mvura yekusangana kuti igadzire network network (sezvinoratidzwa mu.Mufananidzo 7(c)). Sezvo iyo firimu yemvura yakatetepa, mafiber anogona kuunza kudzvanya kwekuparadzanisa kupikisa kusveta kubva kumuganhu webani, nokudaro kudzivirira iyo firimu remvura kubva pakuputika. Saka Cf/AFS inoda nguva yakareba ichipupuma kana ichienzaniswa neAFS, ine kugadzikana kwepamusoro kunogona kuchengetedza kufanana kwechimiro chepore panguva yekushanduka kwefuro.

Munguva yekunonoka kusimba nhanho, mabhuru muCf/AFS haachakuri uye mafiber akaiswa mukati mesero madziro (akamisikidzwa nebhokisi rakatsvuka). Uku kuchengetwa kwefibers kunodzivirira kubatwa kwemabhuru madiki neakakura, sezvinoonekwa muOstwald maturation, uye inhibits kuputika kwemadziro emadziro nekuda kwekusimba kwekuwedzera. Nekuda kweizvozvo, Cf/AFS inoratidza yakawedzera homogeneous pore chimiro uye mashoma pore defects achienzaniswa neAFS.

3.5. Mechanical properties

Iyo compressive stress-strain curves yeCf/AFS neAFS ine inenge yakafanana porosity (83.2% uye 81.4%, zvichiteerana) inoratidzwa mu.Mufananidzo 9(a). Iyo compressive stress-strain curve inoratidza yakasarudzika nhanho nhatu, inosanganisira mutsara elastic dunhu, nzvimbo yebani, uye densification dunhu. Iyo yekumanikidza goho simba reAFS neCf/AFS raive 8.44 MPa uye 11.87 MPa, zvichiteerana. Simba rekumanikidza goho reCf/AFS rakawedzerwa ne40.6% zvichienzaniswa neAFS. Zvichakadaro, simba rekutora simba reCf/AFS riri nani pane iro reAFS panguva imwe cheteyo, sezvakaratidzwaMufananidzo 9(b). Simba rekupinza simba reAFS neCf/AFS rinenge 3.3 MJ/m3 uye 6.1 MJ/m3, zvichiteerana. Simba rekutora simba reCf/AFS rinovandudzwa ne84.8% zvichienzaniswa neAFS.

Mufananidzo 9.Compressive stress-train curves uye simba rinotora simba rekudzivirira kweCf / AFS uye AFS: (a) kudzvinyirira kunetseka-chitima curves; (b) simba absorption capacity curves.

Iko kubatanidzwa kweCf kwakawedzera zvakanyanya ma mechanic zvimiro zvefoam core. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti mechanical properties yealuminium foamzvine hukama zvakanyanya kune pore chimiro uye strut mechanical properties. Kuongororwa kweMacrostructural kwakaratidza kuti kuwedzera kweCf kwakagadzirisa saizi yepore, yakagadziridzwa kugoverwa kwepore, uye kuderedzwa kwepore defects. Zvakafanana nezvakawanikwa naSasikumar et al. uye Yangetal. diki pore dhayamita uye yakamanikana pore kugovera kunobatsira zvakanyanya kuwedzera iyo yekumanikidza simba uye simba rekunyudza kushanda zvakanaka. Uyezve, mhedzisiro ye microstructure pane mechaniki zvinhu zvefuro inonyanya kukonzerwa neCf yakanyudzwa mumadziro epore efuro. Kupararira uye kuparara kwemhangura-yakavharwa yekabhoni fibers mualuminium matrix inogona kuwana firmer interfacial bond pakati pemafiber uye aluminium matrix, iyo inobatsira kutakura mutoro. Iyo yakakwira modulus kabhoni fiber yakamisikidzwa mumadziro epore inogona kudzikamisa deformation yemadziro epore pasi pekumanikidza mutoro uye kugadzirisa kutakura mutoro. Zvese izvi zvinhu zvinofarira Cf/AFS kuti iwane yakakwira goho simba uye simba rekutora simba zvichienzaniswa neAFS.

4. Mhedziso

Iyo CF/AFS neAFS dzakagadzirwa nenzira yekurongedzera rolling poda metallurgy mubasa iri. Maitiro ekupupa eCf/AFS neAFS akaonekwa zvine simba kuburikidza nemwaranzi yesynchrotron kusvika

ongorora pesvedzero yeCf pane bubble nucleation uye kukura. Pamusoro pezvo, Cf pane pore morphology, kugovera pore, uye compression zvimiro zvearuminiyamu foam zvakanyatsoongororwa. Mhedziso huru ndeiyi inotevera:

(1) Synchrotron radiation in situ inocherechedzwa inoratidza kuti zvese Cf/ AFS uye AFS foaming maitiro anoratidza matanho matatu akasiyana: bubble nucleation, bubble kukura uye kubatana, uye kusimba.

Mukuenzanisa neAFS, maitiro ekupupa kweCf/AFS anoratidza kugadzikana kwepamusoro uye kufanana kwebubble. AFS inowanzoita kuumba mahombe akakura uye akaomarara pores panguva yekushanduka kwe pore. Pamusoro pezvo, kusaenzana kunonzi kune heterogeneous nucleation mhedzisiro yeCf, iyo inodzivirira bubble madziro kuputika uye kuderedza coalescence uku ichiwedzera nucleation rate.

(2) Kuwedzerwa kwe0.5 wt.% Cf inonatsa yakaenzana pore dhayamita kubva 2.9 ± 0.2 mm kusvika 1.9 ± 0.1 mm, ichideredza zvakanyanya kukanganisa kwepore. Panguva imwe chete, iyo microstructure inoratidza kunaka kunyorova kweCf, iyo inogoverwa pamadziro epore uye gasi-yakasimba interface, nekudaro ichiwedzera kugadzikana kwefuro.

(3) Kuenzaniswa neAFS, iyo inodzvinyirira goho simba uye simba rekutora simba reCf / AFS rakawedzera neinenge 40.6% uye 84.8%, zvichiteerana. Zvakawanikwa muchidzidzo ichi zvinogona kupa mazano ekusimbaradza aluminium foam sandwich panels ine metallurgical bonding interfaces ine mukana weinjiniya maapplication mumunda wemotokari uye maindasitiri emuchadenga.

Chinyorwa kubva kuChinyorwa cheZvinhu Tsvagiridzo uye Tekinoroji