Kushandisa nanostructured zvinhu pane matatu-dimensional nickel furo zvinhu semagetsi emagetsi kupaza kwemvura.

Kudzikira kwemafuta ezvicherwa uye kushushikana kuri kuramba kuchikura pamusoro pesimba uye nyaya dzezvakatipoteredza zvakakonzera kuyedza kwakadzama kwetsvakiridzo yekugadzira mamwe masimba emagetsi.Electrochemical electrolysisyemvura inoonekwa senzira inovimbisa yekugadzira mafuta ehydrogen. Zvisinei, kuputika kwemvura kunobudirira kunoda magetsi emagetsi anobudirira uye akasimba anogona kukurumidza kinetics yeokisijeni-extraction reaction (OER) uye hydrogen-extraction reaction (HER). Noble metal-containing catalysts, zvakadai sePt nema alloys ayo, RuO2 uye IrO2, pari zvino ndiwo anonyanya kushanda ekugadzirisa OER neHER. Nekudaro, kudhura kwakanyanya uye kushomeka kwesimbi dzakanaka kwakanganisa mashandisirwo avo makuru uye kuvandudzwa kwesimba remagetsi. Kuti tikunde zvipingamupinyi izvi, kuedza kukuru kwakaitwa kugadzira nekugadzira magetsi emagetsi asina kukosha achishandisa pasi-akawanda zvinhu senzira dzehupfumi kune OER neOERHER. Transition metal oxides, sulfides, phosphides, carbon materials, selenides, uye misanganiswa-metal complexes zvakadzidzwa zvakanyanya uye zvakaratidza kushanda kunovimbisa kweOER neHER. Nekudaro, mazhinji eaya ma electrocatalyst anoda yakakwira overpotentials pane inoyevedza simbi-based catalysts, uye kuvandudza kugadzikana kwavo kunoramba kwakakosha. Nokudaro, pane chido chekukurumidzira chekugadzira yakaderera-yepamusoro uye inobudirira imwe sarudzo ye electrode ine basa repamusoro uye kugadzikana kwenguva refu kwekugadzirisa mvura kuparadzanisa.

Mundima ye electrochemical application, nzira mbiri huru dzakashandiswa kugadzirira electrode. Nzira yekutanga uye yakashandiswa zvakanyanya inosanganisira kushandiswa kwezvinokonzera muupfu. Kazhinji, maelectrodes anogadzirwa nekushandisa slurries yemagetsi emagetsi, conductivity enhancers, uye anonamira pane conductive substrates. Zvisinei, nzira iyi haina zvipingamupinyi. Chinhu chikuru chakashata ndicho chinodiwa chemagetsi ekudzivirira binder, izvo zvinoderedza nzvimbo yekubatana pakati pe electrolyte uye catalyst. Izvi zvinogona kutungamira kuvharika kweiyo catalytically inoshanda nzvimbo, zvichikonzera kupikisa kwakanyanya uye kuderedzwa kwe electrocatalytic performance. Mukuwedzera, ma electrode haana kugadzikana, sezvo iyo yakasungirirwa inokonzeresa inowanzo svuura kubva kune inoitisa substrate pane yakakwira densities. Yechipiri nzira huru yekugadzirira electrode ndeye kushandiswa kweakanaka simbi-yakavakirwa zvinhu izvo electrodeposited zvakananga pane conductive substrate, senge nickel furo, foil yemhangura, kabhoni jira kana bepa, FTO, simbi isina tsvina uye nickel foil. Zvisinei, nzira iyi haina miganhu yayo. Izvo zvakaoma kunyatso kudzora nzvimbo inosvikika pakati pezvakaiswa zvinhu zvinoshanda uye, saka, iyo electrode kuita inoderera nekuwedzera kwefirimu ukobvu nekuda kwekusasvikika kweiyo substrate kune catalytically inoshanda nzvimbo mukati. Mukuwedzera, kuoma uye kudhura kwakanyanya kwenzira yacho kunodzivisa zvikuru kushandiswa kwayo kunoshanda. Naizvozvo, kukudziridzwa kwezvinodhura-zvinobudirira machira ekugadzira michina yematatu-dimensional (3D) electrodesinodiwa kuti ibudirire electrochemical application.

Kuvandudzwa kwezvinhu zvitsva zvematatu-dimensional esimbi zvine porous zvimiro uye yakakwirira chaiyo nzvimbo dzepamusoro kwakwezva kutarisisa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekugona kwavo kudzikisa kureba kweiyoni uye kuwedzera ionic uye zvemagetsi conductivity. Nokudaro, nhungamiro inovimbisa yekugadzirwa kwe electrocatalyst ndeyekubatanidza maitiro akasiyana-siyana kuitira kuti ugadzire nanostructured composite ye catalyst carriers inopa high conductivity, nzvimbo yakakura uye kugadzikana kwepamusoro.Nickel foam(NF), inotengeswa uye isingadhuri zvinhu, yakashandiswa zvakanyanya se substrate uye mutakuri we electrode zvinhu nekuda kwayo inodiwa matatu-dimensional yakavhurika-pore chimiro, yakakwira magetsi conductivity, uye yakakura chaiyo nzvimbo.Ma micropores uye jagged kuyerera. migero mukati meNFs inopawo kutamisa kukuru kwakanaka uye nzvimbo yakakura yenzvimbo pachikamu cheyuniti. Akasiyana-siyana ma substrates, anosanganisira akasiyana simbi furo, meshes, foil uye machira, akaongororwa sevateresi ve electrochemical application senge lithium-ion mabhatiri, supercapacitors, solar masero uye kupatsanurwa kwemvura. Kunyanya, porous NFs yakakwezva kutarisa nekuda kwekudhura kwavo, kushandiswa kwemagetsi, uye nzvimbo huru ye electroactive surface, iyo yakanakira kurodha catalysts uye kuwedzera electrochemical active sites. Pamusoro pezvo, maNF ane porous ane zvakanakira mukusimudzira kutakurwa kukuru kwemaelectrolyte, zvichivaita vamiriri vakakodzera kune yakakwirira nzvimbo yekuunganidza ikozvino mukushandiswa kwesimba. Kukura kwakananga kwezvinhu zvinoshanda pane nickel foam zvakare inosimudzira catalyst-substrate kubata kune inoshanda erekitironi kufambiswa mumvura inoputika maitiro. Nepo supercapacitor uye bhatiri maelectrode zvichiramba zviri maapplications eNFs, zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura zvakaratidza kuti zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvakaiswa pachinhu ichi zvine chiitiko cheOER chepamusoro pane maNi foils nemambure. Zvishandiso izvi zvinogona kuiswa chero muchimiro chavo chechisikigo kana kushongedzwa nezvinhu zvinoshanda, uye mafuro anogona kushandiswa ese sevateresi uye kutsigira substrates. Saka, kukura kwea nanostructured, pasi-rich catalytic material paNF substrates inobata chivimbiso chekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvepamusoro zve electrode zvekuchengetedza simba / kushandura zvishandiso. Kunyange zvazvo ma electrocatalysts epasi akakura zvakananga pa nickel foam anowanzo kuwanikwa, matatu-dimensional electrodes pa nickel foam yeOERs uye HERs haana kuongororwa zvakanyanya, kunyange zvazvo ari porous hierarchical structures iyo inodhura uye iri nyore kugadzira.