I-Metal foam: Isixhobo esitsha sesinyithi “esomelele” kwaye “sikhaphukhaphu”.

I-foam ye-Metal inesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele, idibanisa iimpawu zetsimbi kunye neempawu ezisebenzayo zezixhobo ze-porous. I-Metal foam iyinxalenye yezixhobo zetsimbi ezinamaqhekeza, i-porosity yangaphakathi inokuba phezulu ukuya kuma-90% okanye ngaphezulu, imilo ifana ne "foam" okanye "i-honeycomb", iphula ingcamango yendabuko yesakhiwo esixineneyo sesinyithi, zombini iimpawu zetsimbi "ezomeleleyo". kunye neempawu ze-bubble "zokukhanya", ludibaniso olutsha lwesakhiwo-umsebenzi wezinto zetsimbi. “Yaphula ingqikelelo yemveli yolwakhiwo olushinyeneyo lwesinyithi kwaye ineempawu zentsimbi kunye neqamza, oluluhlobo olutsha lwemathiriyeli yentsimbi enokuhlanganiswa komsebenzi wesakhiwo. Ngenxa yobume bayo obukhethekileyo, isinyithi sogwebu asigcini nje ngokugcina i-conductivity, ductility, weldability kunye nezinye iimpawu zesiseko semathiriyeli yesinyithi, kodwa ineempawu ezisebenzayo zezixhobo ze-porous, ezifana nokufunxa amandla kunye nokudambisa i-vibration, ukunciphisa ingxolo, ukukhusela i-electromagnetic, Ukungena komoya kunye nokungena kwamanzi, okuye kwatsala ingqalelo ebanzi kwinkalo yesayensi yezinto ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-aerospace kunye nepetrochemical. amasimi.

Iindlela eziphambili zokwahlulahlula amagwebu esinyithi zezi:
(1) Ngokobukhulu be-pore-diameter kunye ne-porosity: i-pore-diameter engaphantsi kwe-0.3mm, i-porosity phakathi kwe-45% kunye ne-90%, eyaziwa ngokuba yintsimbi enemingxuma; kunye ne-pore diameter ye-0.5-6mm, i-porosity enkulu kune-90%, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-foam yesinyithi;
(2) Ngokwesakhiwo se-pore: yahlulwe kwi-pore structure kunye nesakhiwo esivaliweyo;
(3) Ngokutsho kwenkqubo yokulungiselela: ekuqaleni ilungiswe indlela ukugwebu ibizwa ngokuba amagwebu metal, yaye kamva waphuhlisa percolation casting kunye nezinye iindlela zokulungiselela ukwabizwa ngokuba metal umoya;
(4) Ngokohlobo lwe-matrix: i-foam ye-aluminium, i-nickel foam, i-foam yobhedu kunye nokunye. Inkqubo yokulungiselela, indlela yokulungiselela yemveli ukufumana igwebu lesinyithi ubukhulu becala lintsonkothile ubume bepore engaqhelekanga, kunye noshicilelo lwe-3D lunokulawula ngokuchanekileyo ubume bepore, ngokwemigaqo yokuchaneka ukuxhobisa igwebu lesinyithi ukwandisa iimeko zesicelo, njenge-titanium evuzayo zonyango, izixhobo ezichanekileyo kunye nezinye iindawo zokuzalisa izithuba zesicelo se-foam metal.

Izinto ezidityanisiweyo zolwakhiwo-zokusebenza, ithemba lesicelo se-foam yesinyithi libanzi
I-foam yensimbi idibanisa isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi: njengento yokwakheka, i-foam yensimbi ineempawu zobunzima bokukhanya kunye namandla athile aphezulu; njengesixhobo esisebenzayo, i-foam yensimbi ineempawu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba ezinje nge-porous, vibration damping, damping, sound-absorbeing, soundproofing, heat dissipation, shock absorption, electromagnetic shielding and so. Ngeempawu zayo ezizodwa, i-foam yensimbi isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiindawo zoshishino kunye nezobugcisa obuphezulu:
(1) Ukusebenzisa ubunzima obulula kunye neempawu ezithile eziphezulu zokuqina, kusetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo zokudada kwamanzi, izixhobo zemidlalo (ezifana nezileyi, njl.), kunye neendawo ezihambelanayo zezithuthi ze-aerospace;
(2) Ukusetyenziswa kwe-porous, kunye nokuveliswa kwezihluzo zemichiza, ukucocwa kwamanzi asetyenziswe kwiprosesa ye-gasification, i-refueling ngokuzenzekelayo yeebheringi ze-oyile, imihombiso enevumba, njl.;
(3) ukusetyenziswa kwe-vibration damping, ukusebenza kwe-damping, kunye nemveliso yayo njenge-buffer, i-vibration absorber, njengesixhobo sokumisa isiphekepheke, iikhushini zokhuseleko lokuhanjiswa kwe-elevator kunye neentlobo zeebhokisi, ngokukodwa iibhokisi zezothutho zomoya, iibhedi zesixhobo somatshini; iziseko, amakhonkco okudambisa, njalo njalo;
(4) Ukusetyenziswa kwesikhuselo sombane sombane, ukufunxeka kwesandi esikhaphukhaphu kunye nokugqwesileyo, iipropati zokugquma isandi, kusetyenziselwe ukwenza iipaneli zogqume isandi kushishino lokwakha, iqokobhe lezixhobo zombane kunye nesakhiwo segumbi lokhuselo lombane.

Kwizinto ezithile, i-foam yensimbi isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-aluminium, i-nickel, ithusi kunye ne-alloys yayo, iimpawu eziphambili zezinto ezahlukeneyo ze-matrix kunye neendawo zokusetyenziswa ziyahluka.
(1) Ugwebu lweAluminiyam: Njengeyona nto yakudala yaphuhliswa kwisixhobo sesinyithi esinogwebu, eyona nzuzo iphambili ye-aluminium amagwebu ilele kubunzima obulula, ukugqunywa kobushushu, ukugqunywa kwesandi, ukukhuselwa kwe-electromagnetic, ukufunxwa kwamandla empembelelo, njl. njl., esetyenziswa kumgangatho wokhuselo yemijukujelwa, inqwelomoya kunye neendawo zazo ezisetyenzisiweyo, kwaye ikwasetyenziswa kumhlaba wesithinteli semoto, isixhobo sokudambisa i-electronic kunye ne-mechanical vibration, i-electromagnetic wave. isikhuselo sokhuselo lonikezelo lwamandla kwi-pulse, njalo njalo;
2 ii-atomizers kunye neepleyiti ze-electrode zebhetri kunye nabatshintshisi bobushushu;
(3) I-foam yobhedu: i-foam yobhedu ine-conductivity elungileyo yombane kunye ne-ductility, ekulungiseleleni i-electrode negative (i-carrier) yebhetri, abathwali be-catalyst kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela i-electromagnetic kunye nezinye izinto ezinokubakho.