Igwebu Lensimbi - Ukuthuthukiswa Kokusebenza Kwe-Fuel Cell Cold Start

Kwezentengisoamagwebu ensimbinjengamanje ayindlela enhle engaba khona esikhundleni sokugijima ezivamile zamaseli kaphethiloli ngenxa ye-microstructure yawo enezimbotshana, ukuqina okuphezulu, namandla amahle okusebenza.
Okokuqala, ukusebenza kwe-polarization kwebhethri ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile zokusebenza ekamelweni lokushisa kwahlaziywa. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi i-cathode iyi-electrode eyinhloko ekhawulela ukusebenza kwebhethri, izindlela zokugeleza ezijwayelekile ezihambisanayo zisetshenziselwa i-anode yawo womabili amaseli angawodwa, futhi izindlela ezijwayelekile zokugeleza ezihambisanayo zisetshenziselwa i-cathode enensimu entsha yokugeleza kwegwebu le-nickel-metal, ngokulandelana.
Ukubonisa ngokucace kakhudlwana umehluko wokugeleza kanye nomehluko wokusebenza ezindaweni ezimbili zokugeleza, ucwaningo lwasebenzisa inkambu yokugeleza kwamaseli ezacile enosayizi ongu-1.5 cm × 20 cm (amagesi wonke ageleza ohlangothini olude), okwathi ngandlela-thile kwalahlekelwa ingqamuzana lokuqala. ukusebenza, ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kwe-cell polarization kwakungekho phezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-MEA efanayo (Nafion-112) yasetshenziswa kuwo womabili amaseli ekuhlolweni. Ngenxa yokugoba okuphezulu kweshaneli yokugeleza encane endaweni yokugeleza kwensimbi eyigwebu, ukwehla kwengcindezi emikhawulweni yomibili kuphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa nesiteshi esilula esiqondile eside endaweni yokugeleza evamile, okuthuthukisa ukunikezwa kwegesi ku-cathode, ukusebenza. ingcindezi, kanye nezinga lokusabela kwe-electrochemical, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, idinga ukusebenzisa amandla enjini yegesi enomfutho ngokwezinga elithile futhi ikhulise ukulahleka kokumpompa. Ubuningi bokuminyana bamandla buphezulu kumaseli anawoigwebu lensimbiizinkambu zokugeleza, ngenkathi kuma-currents aphansi, ukuminyana kwamandla kuphansi kancane kunamaseli enkundla yokugeleza evamile. Sekukonke, izinzuzo zokusebenzisa insimu yokugeleza kwe-foam yensimbi zisabalulekile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngenxa yokugeleza okufanayo kwegesi kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi awuketshezi endaweni yokugeleza kwensimbi eyigwebu, inkambu yokugeleza emfushane ingasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezingokoqobo, noma ukusetshenziswa kwe-cathode kanye ne-anode mpo yokuphambana okuphambene (i-anode gas igeleza eduze nomgwaqo. ohlangothini olude lwesiteshi sokugeleza sendabuko, igesi ye-cathode igeleza ohlangothini olufushane lwenkundla yokugeleza kwegwebu), okuqhubeka kunciphisa ukulahleka kokumpompa okubangelwa ukungena kwe-cathode kanye nokwehla kwengcindezi yokuphuma, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kulindeleke ukuthi bona ukuthuthuka kokusebenza kwebhethri, futhi ngisho nokugcina ukuminyana kwamandla okuqhathanisekayo noma aphezulu kuneshaneli yokugeleza evamile, engazuzwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, kulindeleke ukuthi ibone ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kweseli kuyilapho igcina ukulahlekelwa kokumpompa okuqhathaniswa noma okuphansi ngisho nangaphezu kwalokho kweshaneli yokugeleza evamile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuze sibhekane nokukhathazeka kwezimo zokuqala ze-sub-zero, siqhathanisa ngokujulile ukusebenza kokuqala okuguquguqukayo kwamaseli kaphethiloli anenkambu yokugeleza kwensimbi eyigwebu kanye nesiteshi esivamile sokugeleza okuhambisanayo ku-cathode ngaphansi kwezindlela zamanje zamanje nezivamile, ngokulandelana.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, esimweni esidumile sokuqala esingaphansi kweziro, siqhathanisa ngokujulile ukusebenza kokuqala okuguquguqukayo kwamaseli kaphethiloli nenkundla yokugeleza kwensimbi eyigwebu kanye nesiteshi esivamile sokugeleza okuhambisanayo ku-cathode ngaphansi kwezindlela zamanje zamanje neziqhubekayo, ngokulandelana.
Inkambu yokugeleza kwe-foam-metal ibonisa izinzuzo ezinhle kakhulu, ngokusebenza kweseli okuzinzile ngesikhathi sokuqalisa nokuqaliswa ngempumelelo, kuyilapho ngokuphambene nalokho, iseli lesiteshi esivamile esihambisana nokugeleza, esinogesi okhipha amaseli aphansi futhi angazinzile ngesikhathi sokusebenza, sithuthukisa izinga lokushisa nokushisa. izinga lokukhuphuka ngezinga elithile, kodwa ngenxa yeziteshi zokugeleza ezimbalwa, amathuba okuba u-icing nokuvala ayanda ngokulandelana (kuye ngokuthi inani lamashaneli okugeleza), okuholela ekusebenzeni okuguquguqukayo kokuphuma kwamaseli Nokho, amathuba okuvaleka kweqhwa anda ngokulandelana (kuye ngenani lamashaneli okugeleza), okuholela ekushintsheni kokusebenza kwamaseli okukhiphayo kanye namathuba anda okwehluleka ukuqalisa.
Kafushane, isakhiwo esihle kakhulu se-porous se-fuel cellinsimbi yegwebuinkambu yokugeleza inezinzuzo ezibalulekile ngaphezu kweseli ngeshaneli yokugeleza yendabuko “ye-trench-ridge” ngaphansi kokubili kokusebenza kwezinga lokushisa legumbi nezimo zokuqalisa ezinamandla ezingaphansi kweqanda.
Ubuningi bamandla amakhulu kanye nokuminyana kwamanje kwebhethri ekamelweni lokushisa kukhuphuka cishe ngo-25%;
Ngaphansi kwezimo zokuqala ze-sub-zero, ukusebenza kwamabhethri anenkambu yokugeleza kwensimbi ye-foam kubushelelezi ngesikhathi sokuqala, futhi ikhono lokuziqalisa eliphansi lokushisa lithuthukiswa kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokwelapha ezithuthukisiwe kakhulu zezinto zensimbi eyigwebu, njengokufakwa kwegolide ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle, ukwelashwa okufanele kwe-hydrophobicity kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, kanye nokusetshenziswaizinto zegwebungosayizi abathuthukisiwe bezimbotshana, i-porosity, kanye nezilinganiso zokuminyanisa, kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubeke kuqinise ukusebenza kwe-fuel cell futhi kuthuthukise ukuqina komjikelezo wokuqalisa okubandayo.